Modern Philosophy (20137)
Degree/study:Degree in Humanities
Year: 3rd
Term:3rd
Number of ECTS credits: 5 credits
Hours of studi dedication: hours
Teaching language or languages: Spanish
Teaching Staff: Jacobo Zabalo
1. Presentation of the subject
Critiques of Pure Reason (Kant, Sade and Nietzsche)
This subject offers an in-depth study of Kant's proposal, as a first and radical critique of knowledge, with the irrational counterpoint of Sade's thought. Sade's criticism is ahead of a problem which will inspire Nietzsche's criticism: the absolute censure of metaphysics, which had already been considered an unviable science by Kant.
2. Competences to be attained
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General competences |
Specific competences |
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1. Text analysis 2. Writing a philosophical textual analysis
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0. In-depth understanding of Kantian philosophy avoiding clichés 0. Vindicating Nietzsche as a philosopher who was a critic of the tradition he was immersed in |
3. Contents
(NB: the percentage is approx. equivalent to the dedication)
INTRODUCTION (5%) session 1
1- Cartesian thought as the first critique of tradition. The basis of modern subjectivity: the cogito. The empiricist proposal: the supremacy of sensory experience above metaphysics. The limits of reason under Hume's critique of knowledge.
KANTIAN CRITICISM (35%) 6-7 sessions
2- Kant's criticism, between Rationalism and Empiricism. The Copernican Revolution and the transcendental structure of reason. Analysis of the Critique of Pure Reason's prefaces and Introduction.
3- The "transcendental aesthetic": presentation and analysis of the concepts of space and time. The "transcendental logic": pure concepts of understanding.
4- Kantian Ethics, the categorical imperative in Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Reading and analyzing texts: On Pedagogy and Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose.
CRITICAL REVISION OF REASON (60%) 10-11 sessions
5- What is Enlightenment? Kant's response in light of Michel Foucault's response. Three examples of critical revision:
6- In the 18th century: Sade, being a radical opponent to metaphysical thesis, defended an understanding based on the body and the fulfilment of desires (texts: Philosophy in the Bedroom and Dialogue between a Priest and a Dying man). An approach to the text Kant with Sade by Jacques Lacan.
7- In the 19th century, Friedrich Nietzsche and criticizing Kant through the following texts: On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense, Beyond Good and Evil, Thus Spoke Zarathustra and On the Genealogy of Morality. The apparent opposition between these two philosophers, who are connected by their radical criticism, will be questioned.
8- Lastly, in the 20th century, philosophers of the Frankfurt School such as Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer (Dialectic of Enlightenment) will restore the critique of reason.
*The full version with the sections 4. Assessment, 5. Bibliography and teaching resources, 6. Methodology and 7. Planning of activities is available in the original version.
4. Assessment
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5. Bibliography and teaching resources
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5.1. Basic bibliography
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5.2. Complementary bibliography
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5.3. Teaching resources
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6. Metodology
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7. Planning of activities
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